China\'s special education

Chinese cultural origins of special education has a thick, from the rites of \"disease all of those who have no kith and kin and cannot support themselves waste\" to Confucius \' In education and students \' abilities and from Mencius \' idea of \"compassion\" to the intelligence of the doctrine of no is not a theoretical basis for the development of special education in China. But because by penalty manufacturing disability and Buddhist \"retribution\" said of effect, China culture traditional concept in the on disability errors of awareness and serious restricting with special education of development, so far of literature information indicates that, long of feudal ruled era no development special education, has been to 1874 Scotland Church persons Mu Weilian (William Murray) in Beijing established \"in acient times old man pass text Museum\", and 1887 United States missionaries Maiers couples (C.R&A.T. Mills) in Shandong province dengzhou (this Penglai) established \"Kai Kong xueguan\", and 1921 Jiangsu provincial third normal attached primary school for mentally handicapped children opened of \"special learn level\",, they respectively opened has China special education each area of era. History, special education in China, a cultural atmosphere, low economic level of specific conflicts and volatile social environment after a bumpy, the remaining base of old China is blind deaf school, 2,380 42 students.

With the 1951 Prime Minister Zhou Enlai signed the decisions on reforming special education that has become an important part in the national education system in new China, from the founding of the early to mid 80, special education schools has been implementing the main form of special education in China mainland. With the introduction of the compulsory education Act of 1986, in particular the protection of persons with Disabilities Act of 1990 and 1994 the implementation of the Education Ordinance of persons with disabilities, promotion of compulsory education of children with disabilities task was imminent, according to the national conditions of China put forward a large number of special education and learning in regular class is the class body, to a certain number of new forms of special education schools the backbone. In implement universal and improve phase combination, to universal for focus of principles, focused on grasp primary education and occupational technology education, actively carried out pre-school education, gradually development medium education and higher education of special education development basic approach guidelines Xia, currently in China basic formation has to education sector mainly, home, and health, and CDPF and social forces for supplementary of special education running channel, is formation pre-school education, and basic education, and secondary education, and higher education of persons with disabilities education system.

China mainland on disability children of early education institutions first in 80 generation have sprung up as established up of deaf infants language training rehabilitation center, currently in China mainland has levels deaf infants rehabilitation institutions near 2000 a, annual on near million name deaf infants for listening language training; and vision disability and intelligence disability, and since closed syndrome, and limb disability, and spirit disability, and multiple disability child care of education is started; this and United States 100% of 0-6 aged disability child care are accept to from Government provides of early education free service and in China mainland 80% of general child care can admission accept education formation has distinct of comparison.

The Chinese Government has always attached great importance to the work of compulsory education for children with disabilities, regulations require the effective integration of universal compulsory education at all levels of work tracks, called on education departments at all levels to compulsory education for children and adolescents with disabilities with the local work planning, unified leadership and a unified deployment, unified check, the implementation of the education development plan for children and adolescents with disabilities as one of the inspection, acceptance of universal primary education. To 1999 in China mainland has blind school 28 by, and deaf school 871 by, and blind deaf close school 163 by, and intelligence disability children school 473 by total 1535 by special education school, plus 10,000 multiple general school attached special education class and some with class attended of students, mainland area accept special education of students for 358,327 people, plus large is not entered statistics of various with class attended students, about sector estimated blind, and deaf, and mentally handicapped children juvenile compulsory education enrolment respectively reached 80% around, this and in China mainland General children 98.7% of enrolment and Western developed almost 100% of special children service rate compared is has a distance.

In China of Taiwan area special children compulsory education of main form is with class attended, and remedial classes and special education school, currently has 16 by special education school, and near 2000 a special taught class, and total about 40,000 people accept special education; in China Hong Kong area also has 68 by special education school near million name special children accept special education service; in China Macau although special education institutions does not more, but 354 name special children also are accept with should have of special education service.

Currently national of medium persons with disabilities vocational school also does not to 50 by, and blind high school 1 by, and deaf people high school 1 by, and specifically recruiting persons with disabilities of tertiary institutions only 3 by (Changchun University Special Education College, and Shandong binzhou Medical College and Tianjin deaf people Institute of technology), but national has of 445 a persons with disabilities occupational training institutions, \"95\" during makes million persons with disabilities are has occupational training, and candidates large secondary college reached national provisions admitted standard of disability candidates admitted rate by insufficient 50% improve to has 92%, but how strengthening special education school of occupational technology education, and how under persons with disabilities of features widening vocational education way makes persons with disabilities in laid off tide in the does not was brunt of problem still also is difficult.

By 1987 China\'s projections of results of sample survey of persons with disabilities, existing about 62 million persons with disabilities in China mainland, 0-18 disabled children under the age of about 12.89 million, 6-14 stage of compulsory school-age children with disabilities about 7.5 million, with visual disability children 151,000, 966,000 hearing and speech disabled children, children with mental disabilities 5.136 million, for physically disabled children 578,000, the spirit of 14,000 children with disabilities, 659,000 integrated children with disabilities. If, in accordance with internationally accepted \"the special needs of children\" define the generalized special education of China about school-age \"special education needs\" children about 200.04 billion.

In humans cannot yet control disabled in today\'s society, there is always 10% the person escaped or early or late is not disability circles, talent equal participation in social life of the human rights of persons with disabilities has become a modern text

Ming social of basic consensus, and education is is persons with disabilities to enjoyed equal human rights social of way, disability children also is motherland of flowers, in by education of opportunities Shang does not should has has of min, and in education degree Shang does not should has thickness of don\'t, is this a \"vulnerable groups\" need more of care and policy tilt: special education is measure a national and social of political, and education, and culture, and economic, and technology, and health health, and social security, and welfare, level of important flag one, is national and civilization degree of window, and not dispensable or charity.

Future strengthen popularization of law enforcement and management of special education, improving the overall enrolment rate of children with disabilities and the quality of education, school reform special education teaching content, improving special education teachers \' qualification system, strengthening teachers \' training, broadening the range of services-oriented special education more \"special needs children\" long road to go.